Loss of Vertical Dimension (Bite Collapse)
What Is It?
There are two main reasons why loss of vertical dimension – also known as bite collapse – typically occurs. But before we get into talking about those reasons, let us talk about the word “collapse.”
The main definition of the word “collapse” is to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely. For example, the collapse of a roof or bridge – or even a person – happens due to some type of loss of function or support.
The same goes for your mouth. When tooth structure is worn down, or when teeth are missing, the supporting bone structure becomes compromised and gradually collapses.
What Causes It?
Our teeth hold each other in place, from top to bottom and back to front. When we bite down, the upper teeth should fit slightly over the lower teeth, and the grooves and cusps of our upper and lower teeth should align. Worn tooth structure and missing teeth can compromise normal occlusion (how your teeth come together).
WORN TOOTH STRUCTURE: When teeth are worn down – due to grinding or enamel erosion, for example – it creates space between your upper and lower teeth that was once not there. Over time, teeth begin to shift into the newly created space and causes the bite to collapse.
MISSING TEETH: Much like the case of worn tooth structure, missing teeth creates space that allows remaining teeth to shift and fill in that space. What is different is that an area where a tooth once was creates much more space, which then allows the remaining teeth to shift more significantly.
Loss of the posterior (back) teeth will result in the jaw closing unevenly, which can cause pain and discomfort. Additionally, without the support of teeth and bone, this causes cheeks and facial structures to have a more sunken-in appearance.
How Is It Treated?
Treating loss of vertical dimension involves replacing missing tooth structure/teeth, typically achieved by crowning teeth with worn structure, placing implants, and/or fabricating removable appliances such as a partial or full denture.
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